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DHA Clinical Diagnostics and Therapeutics

25 clinical flashcards covering emergency algorithms, pharmacology antidotes, diagnostic criteria, and DHA medical practice guidelines.

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Acute STEMI Reperfusion Timing Goal
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1
Acute STEMI Reperfusion Timing Goal
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 90 minutes of first medical contact (door-to-balloon time).
2
Initial Resuscitation Fluid in Septic Shock
Intravenous balanced crystalloids (such as Lactated Ringer's) at 30 mL/kg administered within the first 3 hours.
3
Light's Criteria for Exudative Pleural Effusion
Pleural/serum protein ratio > 0.5, pleural/serum LDH ratio > 0.6, or pleural LDH > two-thirds normal upper serum limit.
4
First-Line Therapy for Acute Anaphylaxis
Intramuscular epinephrine (1:1000 concentration, 0.3 to 0.5 mg in adults) injected into the mid-anterolateral thigh.
5
Preeclampsia Eclamptic Seizure Prophylaxis
Intravenous magnesium sulfate (4-6 g loading dose over 20 minutes, followed by 1-2 g/hour continuous infusion).
6
Specific Antidote for Severe Digoxin Toxicity
Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (DigiFab); binds and neutralizes free intravascular and tissue-bound digoxin.
7
Acetaminophen Overdose Hepatoprotective Antidote
N-acetylcysteine (NAC); replenishes intracellular glutathione stores to conjugate and detoxify toxic NAPQI.
8
Acute Opioid Respiratory Depression Antagonist
Intravenous naloxone; pure competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist that restores ventilation within 1-2 minutes.
9
Specific Reversal Agent for Benzodiazepines
Intravenous flumazenil; competitive antagonist at the central GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor complex.
10
Specific Neutralizing Agent for Unfractionated Heparin
Intravenous protamine sulfate; positively charged alkaline protein that complexes and neutralizes acidic heparin.
11
Emergency Reversal for Warfarin Life-Threatening Bleed
Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) combined with intravenous vitamin K.
12
First-Line Emergent Medication for Status Epilepticus
Intravenous lorazepam (0.1 mg/kg) or intramuscular midazolam (10 mg) if intravenous access is not established.
13
Intravenous Alteplase Window in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Within 4.5 hours of clearly documented symptom onset in the absence of hemorrhagic or absolute contraindications.
14
Emergency Cardiac Stabilization in Severe Hyperkalemia
Intravenous calcium gluconate 10%; restores myocardial membrane threshold potential and prevents fatal arrhythmias.
15
Diagnostic Neutrophil Threshold for SBP
Ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear (PMN) count >= 250 cells/mcL confirms Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.
16
Immediate Emergency Decompression for Tension Pneumothorax
Immediate needle thoracostomy (2nd ICS midclavicular line or 5th ICS anterior axillary line) prior to chest tube.
17
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) in ACS
Aspirin (cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (ticagrelor, prasugrel, or clopidogrel).
18
Critical Potassium Threshold in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Withhold intravenous insulin if serum potassium is < 3.3 mEq/L until potassium is repleted to prevent fatal arrest.
19
Definitive First-Line Imaging for Pulmonary Embolism
Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard imaging modality of choice.
20
First-Line Oral Antibiotic for C. difficile Infection
Oral vancomycin (125 mg four times daily) or oral fidaxomicin (200 mg twice daily) for a standard 10-day course.
21
Modified Duke Criteria Major Echocardiographic Sign
Intracardiac oscillating mass (vegetation) on valve or supporting structures, abscess, or new partial dehiscence.
22
Parkland Formula for Thermal Burn Resuscitation
Total 24-hr fluid = 4 mL x Body Weight (kg) x %TBSA burn; 50% given in first 8 hours, remaining 50% over next 16 hours.
23
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Minimum and Maximum Scores
Scores range from 3 (unresponsive, flaccid, no eye opening) to 15 (fully alert, oriented, obeying commands).
24
DHA Color Coding for Infectious Clinical Biohazard Waste
Yellow waste bags and receptacles designated specifically for hazardous infectious clinical materials.
25
DHA Mandatory Reporting Timeframe for Group A Diseases
Immediate mandatory notification within 24 hours of diagnosis to the preventive medicine public health department.

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