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Tahsili: Science and Maths Key Facts

Thirty revision cards with the formulas and definitions most used in the Tahsili physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics sections.

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Equation of motion

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Equation of motion

s = u t + \frac{1}{2} a t^{2}

and

v^{2} = u^{2} + 2 a s

Newton's second law

F = ma

Kinetic energy and potential energy

K E = \frac{1}{2} m v^{2}

;

P E = m g h

Momentum

p = m v

; momentum is conserved in a closed system.

Pressure

P = F / A

Ohm's law

V = I R

Resistors in parallel

1/ R = 1/ R_{1} + 1/ R_{2}

Electrical power

P = V^{2} / R = V I

Wave equation

v = f λ

Heat energy

Q = m c Δ T

Lens equation

1/ f = 1/ u + 1/ v

Moles

n = m / M

; at STP 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L.

Molarity

c = n / V

; dilution

C_{1} V_{1} = C_{2} V_{2}

p H = - lo g [H^{+}]

; pH + pOH = 14 at 25 °C.

Periodic trends

Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.

Types of bonding

Ionic: electron transfer between metal and non-metal; covalent: shared pairs; metallic: delocalised electrons.

Alkanes

General formula CnH2n+2; they are saturated hydrocarbons.

Electrolysis

Reduction at the cathode, oxidation at the anode.

Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water gives glucose + oxygen using light energy.

Aerobic respiration

Glucose + oxygen gives carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP).

Mitosis stages

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Mendel's monohybrid cross

Aa x Aa gives AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1, and a 3 : 1 phenotype ratio.

DNA base pairing

A pairs with T, and G pairs with C (U replaces T in RNA).

Enzymes

Biological catalysts; they are denatured by high temperature.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solution.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney; it filters blood and forms urine.

Hormones

Insulin lowers blood glucose; glucagon raises it; ADH controls water reabsorption.

Food chain energy

About 10 percent of energy passes to the next trophic level.

Quadratic roots

Sum = -b/a and product = c/a.

Statistics

Mean = total/number; the median is the middle value of the ordered data.

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