30 cardsCESS & Examen d'entrée (Belgium)
Essential Science and History Concepts
30 flashcards reviewing fundamental Belgian constitutional milestones, French literary devices, and scientific definitions for secondary study.
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Date of Belgian Independence Declaration by the Provisional Government
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1
Date of Belgian Independence Declaration by the Provisional Government
October 4, 1830.
2
First King of the Belgians and date of swearing-in
Leopold I (Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), sworn in on July 21, 1831.
3
Treaty of London (1839) core provision for Belgium
Guaranteed perpetual neutrality and confirmed the territorial partition of Limburg and Luxembourg.
4
First passenger railway line in continental Europe (1835)
Connected Brussels and Mechelen.
5
Sillon industriel
The heavy industrial corridor stretching across the Sambre and Meuse valleys (Mons, Charleroi, Namur, Liège).
6
Solvay process (patented 1861 by Ernest Solvay)
The industrial ammonia-soda process for producing sodium carbonate (soda ash) from brine and limestone.
7
Introduction of universal male suffrage with plural voting in Belgium
Enacted in 1893 following nationwide general strikes led by the Belgian Labour Party.
8
Introduction of pure 'one man, one vote' universal male suffrage
Enacted in 1919 (Loppem Agreement) and confirmed constitutionally in 1921.
9
Full female voting rights for parliamentary elections in Belgium
Granted in 1948; women first cast parliamentary ballots in 1949.
10
Battle of the Yser (October 1914) defense tactic
Flooding of the lowlands between Nieuwpoort and Diksmuide by opening the sluice gates.
11
Belgian Royal Question (Question royale)
Post-WWII political crisis over whether King Leopold III could resume his constitutional throne, ending with his abdication in 1951 in favor of Baudouin.
12
School Pacts (Pactes scolaires) of 1958
Ended the historical 'School Wars' by ensuring equal state funding for both public and subsidized Catholic secondary education.
13
Fixing of the Belgian linguistic border
Established by the Gilson Laws of 1962–1963, creating four linguistic areas (Dutch, French, German, and bilingual Brussels).
14
Saint Michael's Agreement (1993, Fourth State Reform)
Formally declared in Article 1 of the Constitution: 'Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions'.
15
Three constitutional Communities of Belgium
The Flemish Community, the French Community, and the German-speaking Community.
16
Three territorial Regions of Belgium
The Flemish Region, the Walloon Region, and the Brussels-Capital Region.
17
Litotes (Litote)
A rhetorical figure of speech using deliberate understatement or negation of the opposite to suggest a stronger affirmative truth.
18
Chiasmus (Chiasme)
A rhetorical pattern involving the inverted parallelism of syntactic elements in an ABBA structure.
19
Oxymoron (Oxymore)
A rhetorical device uniting two logically contradictory or incongruous terms in a single phrase.
20
Alexandrine (Alexandrin)
A classical French poetic meter of 12 syllables, typically split into two 6-syllable hemistiches by a caesura.
21
Focalisation zéro (Zero focalization)
An omniscient narrative point of view where the narrator knows more than any character.
22
Maurice Maeterlinck Nobel Prize
Awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature; author of Pelléas et Mélisande and L'Oiseau bleu.
23
Georges Simenon
Prolific Liège-born author who created Inspector Jules Maigret.
24
Marguerite Yourcenar historical milestone
First woman elected to the Académie française in 1980; author of Mémoires d'Hadrien.
25
Boyle's Law for ideal gases
at constant temperature ().
26
Charles's Law for ideal gases
at constant pressure (temperature in Kelvin).
27
Snell-Descartes Law of refraction
.
28
Ohm's Law equation
(Voltage = Current Resistance).
29
Newton's Second Law of Motion
.
30
Definition of pH in aqueous solutions
.
CESS & Examen d'entrée (Belgium) in Belgium
In Belgium, CESS & Examen d'entrée (Belgium) is part of: School-leaving exams.
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