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Banking PO Quantitative and Financial Terms

Commercial banking ratios, financial arithmetic, probability rules, and regulatory definitions for Banking PO exams.

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Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

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Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

Mandatory share of Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) banks maintain with RBI in cash.

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Minimum fraction of NDTL banks must invest in unencumbered government securities, gold, or cash.

Repo Rate Definition

The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends liquidity to commercial banks against securities.

Reverse Repo Rate Definition

The interest rate at which RBI absorbs surplus liquidity from commercial banks.

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Rule

Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) required under Basel III (minimum

9%

in India).

Non-Performing Asset (NPA) Threshold

A loan or advance is an NPA when interest or principal installment is overdue for more than

90

days.

Priority Sector Lending Target (Domestic Banks)

Domestic commercial banks must allocate

40%

of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) to priority sectors.

Compound Interest (Quarterly Compounding)

A = P (1 + \frac{R /4}{100})^{4 T}

, dividing rate by

4

and multiplying time by

4

Effective Annual Rate (Compounded Semi-Annually)

EAR = (1 + \frac{R /2}{100})^{2} - 1

, strictly greater than nominal

R %

Partnership Profit Allocation Rule

Profits are shared in the ratio of capital-time products:

P_{1} : P_{2} = C_{1} T_{1} : C_{2} T_{2}

Alligation Rule for Mixtures

Ratio of cheaper to dearer quantity is

\frac{Q _{cheaper}}{Q _{dearer}} = \frac{d - m}{m - c}

Still Water Boat Speed from Stream Velocities

Speed in still water is

u = \frac{Downstream + Upstream}{2}

Stream Flow Speed Formula

Speed of stream is

v = \frac{Downstream - Upstream}{2}

Circular Permutation of Distinct Objects

Number of circular arrangements of

n

distinct items is

(n - 1)!

Odds in Favor of an Event

Ratio of success probability to failure probability:

\frac{P ( E )}{1 - P ( E )} = \frac{m}{n - m}

Probability of at Least One Head in

n

Tosses

P (at least 1 head) = 1 - (\frac{1}{2})^{n}

, using the complement rule.

Days of Grace on Bills of Exchange

The Negotiable Instruments Act grants

3

days of grace added to the nominal maturity date.

Banker's Gain on a Bill of Exchange

Banker’s Gain = Banker’s Discount - True Discount = \frac{( TD ) ^{2}}{Present Worth}

Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework

RBI supervisory intervention triggered when a bank breaches thresholds in Capital, Asset Quality, or Leverage.

Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) Operation

Continuous, real-time gross settlement for high-value funds transfers operating 24x7.

NEFT Settlement Frequency

National Electronic Funds Transfer settles nationwide transactions in half-hourly batches 24x7.

Negotiable Instruments Act Section 138

Provides criminal liability with up to

2

years imprisonment for dishonour of cheques due to insufficient funds.

Banking Ombudsman Redressal Authority

Quasi-judicial forum constituted under RBI regulations to resolve customer service complaints cost-free.

Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) Mandate

Requires banks to hold unencumbered High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) to cover

30

-day net cash outflows.

Officially Valid Document (OVD) for KYC

Passport, driving licence, Aadhaar number proof, voter identity card, NREGA job card, or NPR letter.

Banking PO Quantitative and Financial Terms

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