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Ontario OSSD Key Facts

Formulas, literary terms and science rules for Grade 11 and 12 courses in Ontario.

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Quadratic formula for ax^2 + bx + c = 0
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1
Quadratic formula for ax^2 + bx + c = 0
x = (-b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a)
2
Discriminant and the number of real roots
b^2 - 4ac: positive gives two roots, zero gives one repeated root, negative gives none
3
Vertex form of a parabola
y = a(x - h)^2 + k, with vertex (h, k)
4
Exponent law: x^m x^n and (x^m)^n
x^(m+n) and x^(mn)
5
Product law of logarithms
log(ab) = log a + log b
6
Compound interest formula
A = P(1 + i)^n, where i is the rate per period and n the number of periods
7
Sine law
a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C
8
Cosine law
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos C
9
Conversion from degrees to radians
Multiply by pi/180
10
Sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence
S_n = n/2 (2a + (n - 1)d)
11
Sum of an infinite geometric series
S = a/(1 - r), valid only when |r| < 1
12
Power rule for derivatives
d/dx(x^n) = n x^(n-1)
13
Chain rule
d/dx f(g(x)) = f'(g(x)) g'(x)
14
Topic sentence
States the main point of a paragraph that the other sentences support
15
Comma splice
Two complete sentences joined only by a comma; fix with a semicolon, a conjunction or a full stop
16
Dramatic irony
The audience knows something that a character does not
17
Personification
Giving human actions or feelings to a non-human thing
18
Thesis statement
A clear, arguable position that the essay will support
19
Mitosis versus meiosis
Mitosis makes two identical diploid cells; meiosis makes four different haploid cells
20
DNA base pairing
A with T and G with C; in RNA, A pairs with U
21
Moles formula
n = m / M, moles equal mass divided by molar mass
22
Concentration formula
c = n / V, moles of solute per litre of solution
23
Boyle's law
P1V1 = P2V2 for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature
24
Newton's second law and kinetic energy
F = ma and KE = 0.5 m v^2
25
Ohm's law and parallel resistors
V = IR; 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 for resistors in parallel

Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) in Canada

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