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United Nations and Global Organizations

Structure, organs, specialized agencies, and founding treaties of the UN system and major multilateral bodies.

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United Nations Charter Signing and Entry into Force
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1
United Nations Charter Signing and Entry into Force
Signed on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco at the conclusion of the UNCIO, and officially came into force on October 24, 1945.
2
Headquarters of the United Nations
Located in New York City on international territory, with major international office centers in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi.
3
UN General Assembly (UNGA)
The main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN where all 193 member states possess equal one-vote representation.
4
UN Security Council Permanent Members (P5)
China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, each possessing individual veto power on substantive resolutions.
5
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
The principal judicial organ of the UN, established in June 1945 and headquartered at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.
6
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
The UN principal organ responsible for coordinating economic, social, cultural, health, and environmental fields through 54 rotating members.
7
UN Secretariat and Secretary-General
The administrative organ of the UN, led by the Secretary-General who serves as chief administrative officer on a 5-year renewable term.
8
World Health Organization (WHO)
Specialized UN agency established in 1948 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, responsible for global public health policies and outbreak response.
9
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An international financial institution formed at Bretton Woods (1944) in Washington, D.C. to promote global monetary cooperation and financial stability.
10
World Bank Group
International partnership comprising IBRD and IDA based in Washington, D.C., dedicated to reducing poverty and funding development projects.
11
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, founded in 1945 and headquartered in Paris, France, managing World Heritage Sites.
12
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)
UN agency created in December 1946 to provide humanitarian and developmental aid to children and mothers worldwide; headquartered in New York.
13
International Labour Organization (ILO)
UN agency promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights, established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles.
14
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
A specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in Rome, Italy, leading international efforts to defeat hunger and ensure food security.
15
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Autonomous international organization founded in 1957 in Vienna, Austria, reporting to the UN to promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
16
UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for Refugees)
Geneva-based agency created in 1950 mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people.
17
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva that regulates and facilitates international trade, succeeding the GATT in 1995.
18
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Permanent tribunal seated in The Hague established by the Rome Statute (1998) to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
19
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
An intergovernmental military alliance signed in Washington, D.C. (1949) based on collective defense under Article 5; headquartered in Brussels.
20
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Regional intergovernmental organization established in 1967 with the Bangkok Declaration to accelerate economic growth and regional peace.
21
European Union (EU) Foundation
Supranational political and economic union established in its modern form by the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992 and effective in 1993.
22
African Union (AU)
Continental union consisting of 55 African member states launched in 2002 in Durban, South Africa, succeeding the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
23
BRICS Group
An intergovernmental organization originally comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, focusing on South-South economic cooperation.
24
OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Permanent intergovernmental cartel formed in Baghdad in 1960 and headquartered in Vienna, coordinating petroleum policies among member states.

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