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36 cardsLebanese Medical Colloquium (Colloquium Liban)

Lebanese Medical Colloquium - Clinical Formulas and Quick Reference

Thirty-five flashcards on clinical formulas, scores and first-line treatments for revision. Original study material.

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1
CHA2DS2-VASc points
Heart failure 1, hypertension 1, age 75+ 2, diabetes 1, stroke/TIA 2, vascular disease 1, age 65-74 1, female sex 1.
2
Sensitivity
TP / (TP + FN): the proportion of diseased people the test detects.
3
Specificity
TN / (TN + FP): the proportion of healthy people the test correctly clears.
4
Positive predictive value
TP / (TP + FP): the chance that a positive result is a true positive.
5
Number needed to treat
1 / absolute risk reduction.
6
QTc by Bazett
QT / square root of the RR interval in seconds.
7
A-a gradient on room air
PAO2 = 150 - PaCO2/0.8; gradient = PAO2 - PaO2.
8
Drip rate
Drops per minute = volume (mL) x drop factor / time (minutes).
9
Corrected sodium in hyperglycaemia
Add 1.6 mmol/L for every 100 mg/dL of glucose above 100.
10
MCV
Haematocrit x 10 / red cell count.
11
Cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume.
12
Pack-years
Packs per day x years smoked.
13
First-line treatment of acute gout
NSAID, colchicine or corticosteroid; start urate-lowering therapy after the flare.
14
Initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months, then isoniazid and rifampicin to complete 6 months.
15
Vitamin given with isoniazid
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent neuropathy.
16
First-line oral treatment of C. difficile infection
Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin.
17
Severe falciparum malaria
Intravenous artesunate.
18
CD4 count in AIDS
Below 200 cells/microlitre; start Pneumocystis prophylaxis.
19
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Fever, haemolytic anaemia, low platelets, renal and neurological signs; treat with plasma exchange.
20
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9;22) with BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
21
Bazett corrected QT limits
Prolonged values raise the risk of torsades de pointes.
22
Beck's triad
Hypotension, raised JVP and muffled heart sounds in tamponade.
23
Alvarado score
Eight items scoring up to 10 for the likelihood of appendicitis.
24
Mosteller formula
BSA = square root of (height in cm x weight in kg / 3600).
25
Minimum postoperative urine output
0.5 mL/kg/hour.
26
Blood volume in adults
About 70 mL/kg.
27
WHO analgesic ladder
Non-opioid, then weak opioid, then strong opioid, with adjuvants.
28
Naegele's rule
Add 7 days to the first day of the last period and subtract 3 months.
29
Bishop score
Sum of dilatation, effacement, station, consistency and position; higher means a more favourable cervix.
30
Ovulation timing
About 14 days before the next period.
31
Fundal height
From 24 to 36 weeks, the height in cm roughly equals the weeks of gestation.
32
Corrected age of a preterm baby
Chronological age minus the weeks of prematurity (40 minus gestational age).
33
Newborn weight loss
Percentage lost = (birth weight - current weight) / birth weight x 100.
34
Group A streptococcal pharyngitis treatment
Penicillin V is first line.
35
Reye syndrome warning
Avoid aspirin in children with viral infections.
36
Sickle cell crisis management
Analgesia, hydration, oxygen if hypoxic, and assessment for infection.

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