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26 cardsEgyptian Medical Licensing Examination (EMLE)

EMLE Clinical Calculations and Rules

Flashcards for the calculations, scores and antidotes most often tested in medical licensing examinations. Original study material.

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Mean arterial pressure

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Mean arterial pressure

\frac{S B P + 2 \times D B P}{3}

Body mass index and categories

\frac{k g}{m ^{2}}

: below 18.5 underweight, 18.5–24.9 normal, 25–29.9 overweight, 30 or more obese

Anion gap

N a^{+} - (C l^{-} + H C O_{3}^{-})

Corrected calcium

measured Ca + 0.8 \times (4 - albumin in g/dL)

Cockcroft–Gault creatinine clearance

\frac{( 140 - age ) \times weight}{72 \times S C r}

, multiplied by 0.85 for women

Calculated serum osmolality

2 N a + \frac{glucose}{18} + \frac{urea}{2.8}

(mg/dL)

Heart rate from a regular ECG

300 \div

large squares between R waves

Ejection fraction

\frac{E D V - E S V}{E D V} \times 100

Cardiac output

H R \times S V

Bazett's corrected QT

QT \div R R

(RR in seconds)

Parkland formula for burns

4 mL × weight (kg) × %TBSA; half in the first 8 hours

Number needed to treat

1 \div

absolute risk reduction

Sensitivity and specificity

TP/(TP+FN) and TN/(TN+FP)

Positive predictive value

TP/(TP+FP)

CHA₂DS₂-VASc points

Heart failure 1, hypertension 1, age ≥75 2, diabetes 1, stroke/TIA 2, vascular disease 1, age 65–74 1, female 1

Glasgow Coma Scale components

Eye 1–4, Verbal 1–5, Motor 1–6; total 3–15

Antidote for paracetamol overdose

N-acetylcysteine

Antidote for opioid overdose

Naloxone

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

Flumazenil

Antidote for heparin

Protamine sulphate

Antidote for warfarin

Vitamin K (with clotting factors if bleeding is severe)

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning

Atropine

Virchow's triad

Stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability

Charcot's triad

Fever, right upper quadrant pain, jaundice (cholangitis)

Beck's triad

Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, raised JVP (cardiac tamponade)

Immediate treatment of anaphylaxis

Intramuscular adrenaline

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