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ENAM Clinical Key Facts

Short flashcards on clinical rules, formulas and definitions for medical practice questions. Study material written for revision, not the official exam.

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Which coronary artery is usually occluded in an inferior ST-elevation infarct?
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ENAM Practice (Peru National Medical Examination) mock tests →
1
Which coronary artery is usually occluded in an inferior ST-elevation infarct?
The right coronary artery (leads II, III, aVF).
2
First-line oral drug for most adults with new type 2 diabetes?
Metformin, if kidney function allows.
3
HbA1c reflects glucose over which period?
About the previous 8 to 12 weeks.
4
Why check potassium before starting insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Insulin drives potassium into cells; start it only when potassium is above 3.3 mmol/L.
5
Anion gap formula?
Sodium minus chloride minus bicarbonate; normal about 8 to 12 mmol/L.
6
Corrected calcium with low albumin?
Measured calcium plus 0.02 mmol/L for each g/L of albumin below 40.
7
CURB-65 components?
Confusion, Urea above 7 mmol/L, Respiratory rate 30 or more, low Blood pressure, age 65 or over.
8
Standard intensive-phase drugs for drug-susceptible tuberculosis?
Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for two months.
9
Definition of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria above 3.5 g per day, low albumin and oedema.
10
Diagnostic threshold for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Ascitic neutrophil count of 250 per cubic millimetre or more.
11
Vector of dengue and the main control measure?
Aedes aegypti; remove stagnant water in containers.
12
Vector of Carrion disease (Oroya fever and verruga peruana)?
Lutzomyia sand flies, in Andean valleys.
13
ATLS primary survey order?
Airway with neck protection, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure.
14
First treatment of tension pneumothorax?
Immediate needle decompression, without waiting for imaging.
15
Parkland formula?
4 mL times kg times percent burn in 24 hours; half in the first 8 hours.
16
Glasgow Coma Scale components and range?
Eye (1-4), verbal (1-5), motor (1-6); total 3 to 15.
17
Classic triad of ascending cholangitis?
Fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain (Charcot); Reynolds adds shock and confusion.
18
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia?
Stop triggers, give dantrolene and cool the patient.
19
Magnesium sulfate in severe pre-eclampsia?
Prevents eclamptic seizures; monitor reflexes, respiration and urine output.
20
Commonest cause of postpartum haemorrhage?
Uterine atony.
21
When is anti-D given to Rh-negative mothers?
At about 28 weeks and within 72 hours after delivery of a Rh-positive baby.
22
Naegele rule?
Last menstrual period plus one year, minus three months, plus seven days.
23
Sensitivity versus specificity?
Sensitivity is true positives over all with disease; specificity is true negatives over all without.
24
Number needed to treat?
One divided by the absolute risk reduction.
25
Exclusive breastfeeding recommendation?
The first six months of life.

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