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26 cardsGeneral Knowledge (Argentina)

Argentina Institutions and Heritage

Twenty-six flashcards covering foundational Argentine institutions, constitutional principles, historical milestones, and scientific heritage.

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What form of government is established by Article 1 of the Argentine Constitution?
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1
What form of government is established by Article 1 of the Argentine Constitution?
Representative, republican, and federal.
2
Which historic event on 25 May 1810 deposed the Spanish viceroy in Buenos Aires?
The May Revolution, forming the Primera Junta.
3
Who served as the president of the Primera Junta in 1810?
Cornelio Saavedra, commander of the Patricios Regiment.
4
Where was the Argentine blue and white national flag first hoisted in 1812?
In Rosario, created by Manuel Belgrano on the banks of the Paraná River.
5
What major civil reform was enacted by the Assembly of the Year XIII?
Abolition of titles of nobility, judicial torture, and the Freedom of Wombs (Libertad de vientres).
6
On what date was Argentine Independence declared in San Miguel de Tucumán?
9 July 1816, by the Congress of Tucumán.
7
Which military campaign did José de San Martín lead in January 1817?
The Crossing of the Andes, to liberate Chile and Peru from Spanish rule.
8
Which 1853 text by Juan Bautista Alberdi served as the intellectual basis for the Constitution?
'Bases y puntos de partida para la organización política de la República Argentina'.
9
In which city was the National Constitution of the Argentine Republic sanctioned in 1853?
Santa Fe, by a general constituent congress representing the provinces.
10
Which landmark 1884 statute established free, secular, and compulsory primary education?
Law 1420 of Common Education (Ley de Educación Común).
11
Which 1912 electoral law established the secret and compulsory male ballot?
The Sáenz Peña Law (Law 8.871).
12
Which 1918 student movement transformed universities across Latin America?
The University Reform of Córdoba, establishing student co-governance and academic freedom.
13
Which state enterprise, founded in 1922, was the world's first state-owned oil company?
YPF (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales), organized under General Enrique Mosconi.
14
Which constitutional article, added in 1957, guarantees social rights and labor protections?
Article 14 bis of the National Constitution.
15
When did constitutional democracy return to Argentina under President Raúl Alfonsín?
10 December 1983, celebrated as the Day of the Restoration of Democracy.
16
Which commission investigated the disappearances of the military dictatorship and published 'Nunca Más'?
CONADEP (National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons), chaired by Ernesto Sabato.
17
Which regional economic bloc was created on 26 March 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción?
Mercosur (Southern Common Market), founded by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
18
Which Argentine scientist won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
Bernardo Houssay, for discovering the pituitary gland's role in carbohydrate metabolism.
19
Which Argentine biochemist was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?
Luis Federico Leloir, for discovering sugar nucleotides and glycogen biosynthesis.
20
Which Argentine scientist won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing monoclonal antibodies?
César Milstein, who pioneered the hybridoma cell fusion technique.
21
Which Argentine cardiac surgeon pioneered coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 1967?
Dr. René Favaloro, at the Cleveland Clinic.
22
Which physician performed the world's first non-coagulating blood transfusion using sodium citrate in 1914?
Dr. Luis Agote, at the Rawson Hospital in Buenos Aires.
23
Who invented the modern ballpoint pen (birome) patented in Argentina in 1943?
László Bíró (Ladislao José Biro).
24
Which police official developed the world's first practical fingerprint classification system in 1891?
Juan Vucetich, chief of identification for the La Plata police.
25
What rank do major international human rights treaties hold under the 1994 Constitution?
Constitutional hierarchy (jerarquía constitucional), equal to the Constitution itself (Article 75 inc. 22).
26
How many senators represent each province and the City of Buenos Aires in the National Senate?
Three senators: two for the majority party and one for the first minority.

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