25 cardsGeneral Knowledge (Israel)
Israel Geography, History and Governance Quick Facts
25 flashcards reviewing essential facts across physical geography, water systems, ancient archaeology, modern history, and the parliamentary system of Israel.
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What is the lowest natural dry-land elevation on Earth?
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1
What is the lowest natural dry-land elevation on Earth?
The Dead Sea shore, situated approximately 430 meters below sea level in the Jordan Rift Valley.
2
What is the highest mountain summit in the Upper Galilee?
Mount Meron, reaching an elevation of 1,204 meters above sea level.
3
What unique geological landform is Makhtesh Ramon in the central Negev?
The world's largest erosion cirque, formed by water erosion carving an breached anticline.
4
What technology supplies over 80% of domestic municipal tap water nationwide?
Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination facilities located along the Mediterranean coast.
5
What national water grid infrastructure was built in 1964 by Mekorot?
The National Water Carrier (HaMovil HaArtzi), originally transferring freshwater from Lake Kinneret southwards.
6
What proportion of treated municipal wastewater is recycled for agricultural irrigation?
Nearly 90% of treated wastewater, primarily processed through the Shafdan reclamation plant for the Negev.
7
What micro-irrigation method was developed by Simcha Blass and commercialized at Kibbutz Hatzerim in 1965?
Drip irrigation, applying precise water and fertilizer droplets directly to plant roots.
8
What ancient desert plateau fortress was fortified by Herod the Great and besieged by Romans in 73–74 CE?
Masada, overlooking the western shore of the Dead Sea.
9
Which Roman port city featured the artificial deep-water harbor Sebastos, built with hydraulic concrete?
Caesarea Maritima, which served as the Roman administrative capital of Judea.
10
What archaeological find at Caesarea provided the first epigraphic confirmation of Pontius Pilate's title?
The Pilate Stone, a 1st-century Latin inscribed limestone block uncovered in 1961.
11
Which ancient community is primarily associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls found in caves near Qumran?
The Essenes (Yahad community), an ascetic Jewish movement active during the Second Temple period.
12
What subterranean tunnel in the City of David channeled water from the Gihon Spring into Jerusalem in 701 BCE?
Hezekiah's Tunnel (Siloam Tunnel), bearing the historic paleo-Hebrew Siloam Inscription.
13
Which Ottoman Sultan reconstructed the stone walls and gates of Jerusalem's Old City between 1537 and 1541?
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
14
Which Galilean mountain town became the global center of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism in the 16th century?
Safed (Tzfat), home to Rabbi Isaac Luria (the Ari) and Rabbi Joseph Caro.
15
What foundational legal code of Jewish law was compiled by Rabbi Joseph Caro in Safed in 1563?
The Shulchan Aruch ('The Set Table').
16
What agricultural community founded in 1910 on the Jordan River is known as the 'mother of the kibbutzim'?
Degania Alef, the first collective agricultural kibbutz.
17
What modern city was founded in 1909 on sand dunes north of Jaffa by the Ahuzat Bayit society?
Tel Aviv.
18
Who was the pioneering lexicographer responsible for the modern revival of spoken Hebrew as a vernacular language?
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda.
19
Where was the Declaration of Independence read by David Ben-Gurion on May 14, 1948?
At the Tel Aviv Museum of Art (Dizengoff House, now Independence Hall) on Rothschild Boulevard.
20
Which Hebrew author was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1966?
Shmuel Yosef Agnon (S.Y. Agnon).
21
How many members of parliament serve in the unicameral Knesset?
120 members, elected under nationwide closed party-list proportional representation.
22
What is the current parliamentary electoral threshold for Knesset elections?
3.25% of valid national votes.
23
What 1950 parliamentary compromise determined that the constitution would be enacted incrementally as Basic Laws?
The Harari Decision, proposed by MK Yizhar Harari.
24
What dual jurisdiction is exercised by the Supreme Court of Israel?
It serves as the highest appellate court and as the High Court of Justice (Bagatz) with direct original jurisdiction.
25
What official currency was introduced under the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan to halt hyperinflation?
The New Israeli Shekel (NIS / ILS), replacing the old shekel at a rate of 1,000 to 1.
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