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Mughal Empire and Medieval India

Flashcards on the Mughal Empire, administrative systems, battles, and medieval architecture in India.

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Founder of the Mughal Empire in India
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1
Founder of the Mughal Empire in India
Babur (Zahir-ud-din Muhammad), who defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.
2
Tactics Used by Babur at First Battle of Panipat
The Tulughma (flanking wheeling charges) and the Rumi cart-tying tactic with Ottoman artillery cannons.
3
Battle of Khanwa (1527)
Babur defeated the Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, solidifying Mughal supremacy in North India.
4
Sur Dynasty Founder Who Expelled Humayun
Sher Shah Suri (Farid Khan), who defeated Humayun at Chausa (1539) and Kannauj (1540).
5
Sher Shah Suri's Administrative Reforms
Introduction of the silver Rupiya, construction of the Grand Trunk Road (Sadak-e-Azam), and postal horse relay system.
6
Second Battle of Panipat (5 November 1556)
Thirteen-year-old Akbar's regent Bairam Khan decisively defeated Hemu (Hem Chandra Vikramaditya).
7
Akbar's Land Revenue System
The Ain-i-Dahsala (Zabti system), devised by his finance minister Raja Todar Mal based on 10-year average yields.
8
Mughal Military and Bureaucratic Grading System
The Mansabdari System, classifying officers with Zat (rank/salary) and Sawar (contingent of cavalrymen).
9
Akbar's Syncretic Religious Philosophy
Din-i-Ilahi (Tawhid-i-Ilahi), introduced in 1582, centered on Sulh-i-Kul (universal peace and tolerance).
10
Akbar's Hall of Religious Discussions
The Ibadat Khana, constructed in 1575 at Fatehpur Sikri for theological debates among all faiths.
11
Buland Darwaza Commemoration
Built in 1601 at Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar to commemorate his conquest of Gujarat.
12
Mughal Emperor Known for the 'Chain of Justice' (Zanjir-i-Adl)
Jahangir (Nur-ud-din Muhammad), who hung a golden bell chain at Agra Fort for public grievance redressal.
13
British Ambassador Who Visited Jahangir's Court
Sir Thomas Roe (1615-1619), sent by King James I to negotiate trading privileges for the East India Company.
14
Architectural Golden Age Emperor
Shah Jahan, who commissioned the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort of Delhi, the Jama Masjid, and the Peacock Throne.
15
Chief Architect of the Taj Mahal
Ustad Ahmad Lahori, blending Persian, Timurid, and Indian Islamic architectural traditions.
16
Battle of Samugarh (May 1658)
Aurangzeb defeated his elder brother Dara Shikoh in the war of succession for Shah Jahan's throne.
17
Mughal Emperor Who Re-imposed Jizya in 1679
Aurangzeb (Alamgir I), overturning Akbar's policy of tax exemption for non-Muslim subjects.
18
Author of Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari
Abul Fazl, one of Akbar's Navaratnas (Nine Gems).
19
Court Musician of Akbar Famous for Raag Megh and Deepak
Tansen (Ramtanu Pandey), master of Dhrupad vocal music in Akbar's court.
20
Last Mughal Emperor of India
Bahadur Shah Zafar (Bahadur Shah II), deposed by the British after the Revolt of 1857 and exiled to Rangoon.

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