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Tawjihi Humanities Key Facts

Key dates, definitions and geography facts for the Tawjihi humanities stream.

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When did the Ottoman era in Palestine begin and end?
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1
When did the Ottoman era in Palestine begin and end?
It began in 1516-1517 after the Ottoman conquest of the Mamluk lands and ended with British control in 1917-1918.
2
What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)?
A secret Anglo-French plan to divide Ottoman Arab lands into zones of influence.
3
What was the Balfour Declaration (2 November 1917)?
A letter from Arthur Balfour supporting a Jewish national home in Palestine.
4
Which body confirmed the British Mandate for Palestine?
The League of Nations, in 1922 (in force from 1923).
5
When did the UN General Assembly adopt Resolution 181?
29 November 1947: a partition plan with Jerusalem under a special international regime.
6
What does Nakba mean in Palestinian history?
The 1948 war and the displacement of more than 700,000 Palestinians.
7
When was UNRWA created and when did it start work?
Created by Resolution 302 in December 1949; it began work in May 1950.
8
What did UN Security Council Resolution 242 call for?
Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967 and peace for all states in the region.
9
When was the PLO founded?
1964, after a Palestinian National Council meeting in Jerusalem.
10
What did the Rabat Arab League summit decide in 1974?
It recognised the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.
11
Where and when did the First Intifada begin?
In the Gaza Strip, at the Jabalia camp, in December 1987.
12
What happened in Algiers on 15 November 1988?
The Palestinian National Council adopted the Declaration of Independence.
13
What did the Oslo Accords create?
Interim self-government by the Palestinian Authority; Oslo II divided the West Bank into Areas A, B and C.
14
When were the first Palestinian Legislative Council elections?
January 1996.
15
What does the Basic Law do?
It is the interim constitution that sets up the branches of government and protects rights.
16
What are the three branches of government?
Executive, legislative and judicial.
17
What are the colours of the Palestinian flag?
Black, white and green stripes with a red triangle.
18
What is the area of the West Bank and of Gaza (PCBS)?
About 5,655 km2 for the West Bank and about 365 km2 for the Gaza Strip.
19
Where is the lowest land point on Earth?
The Dead Sea shore, more than 400 metres below sea level.
20
What type of climate does Palestine have?
Mediterranean: hot dry summers and mild rainy winters, with rain from November to March.
21
Why is the Jordan Valley warm and dry?
It lies far below sea level and in the rain shadow of the central hills.
22
Which two rivers define Mesopotamia?
The Tigris and the Euphrates.
23
Which canal links the Mediterranean and the Red Sea?
The Suez Canal, opened in 1869.
24
How many members does the Arab League have, and when was it founded?
22 members; founded in Cairo in March 1945 by seven states.
25
How do you convert map distance at scale 1:50,000?
1 cm on the map is 500 m on the ground, so 4.5 cm is 2.25 km.

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