28 cardsTMS (Test fßr Medizinische Studiengänge) practice
TMS Formulas and Method Cards
28 flashcards with the formulas, definitions and methods used in TMS-style practice questions. Study material written for practice, not the official test.
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Cardiac output
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Terms in this deck (28)
1
Cardiac output
Heart rate x stroke volume. Example: 70 beats per minute x 70 mL = 4.9 litres per minute.
2
Ohm's law
V = I x R. Current = voltage / resistance.
3
Electrical power
P = V x I. Current = power / voltage.
4
Kinetic energy
KE = 0.5 x m x v squared.
5
Pressure
Pressure = force / area, measured in pascals (N per square metre).
6
Wave equation
Speed = frequency x wavelength.
7
Lens power
Power in dioptres = 1 / focal length in metres. Converging lenses are positive.
8
pH of strong acids and bases
pH = -log[H+]. For a strong base, pOH = -log[OH-] and pH = 14 - pOH at 25 degrees Celsius.
9
Moles
Moles = mass / molar mass. Water: 18 g/mol.
10
Buffer
A weak acid with its conjugate base. It resists changes in pH.
11
Le Chatelier's principle
A system at equilibrium shifts to oppose a change. Higher pressure favours the side with fewer moles of gas.
12
Half-life
After n half-lives the amount left is (1/2) to the power n of the start.
13
Osmosis
Water moves across a semipermeable membrane toward the side with more solute.
14
Mitosis versus meiosis
Mitosis: two identical diploid cells. Meiosis: four different haploid cells.
15
Hardy-Weinberg
p + q = 1 and p squared + 2pq + q squared = 1. Carriers = 2pq.
16
Sodium-potassium pump
Moves 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in using ATP.
17
Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity: share of sick people detected. Specificity: share of healthy people correctly cleared.
18
Number needed to treat
NNT = 1 / absolute risk reduction.
19
Relative risk
Risk in the exposed group divided by risk in the unexposed group.
20
Dosage by weight
Dose = weight x dose per kg. Volume = dose / concentration.
21
Infusion rate
Rate in mL per hour = volume / time. Drops per minute = mL per hour x drops per mL / 60.
22
Body mass index
Weight in kg divided by height in metres squared.
23
Percentage change
Change / original value x 100. A 20 percent fall then a 25 percent rise gives no net change.
24
Average speed
Total distance divided by total time, not the plain mean of the speeds.
25
Painted-cube problems
For an n x n x n cube: corners 8, edges 12 x (n - 2), faces 6 x (n - 2) squared, inside (n - 2) cubed.
26
Clock angles
Minute hand: 6 degrees per minute. Hour hand: 0.5 degrees per minute. Compare the two positions.
27
Sequences
Check the differences, ratios and squares or triangular numbers before guessing.
28
Text comprehension
Answer only from the passage. Beware of options that are true in general but not stated, or that go further than the text.
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