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GCSE Key Facts Across Subjects

29 flashcards covering key terms and equations in GCSE biology, chemistry, physics, history, geography and English. Study material written for practice, not the official exams.

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Mitosis
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Terms in this deck (29)

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1
Mitosis
Cell division producing two genetically identical diploid cells, used for growth and repair.
2
Meiosis
Cell division producing four genetically different gametes, each with half the chromosomes.
3
Osmosis
Net movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from dilute to concentrated solution.
4
Enzyme
A biological catalyst, a protein whose active site fits one substrate; denatured by high temperature.
5
Photosynthesis equation
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen, using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll.
6
Aerobic respiration equation
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water, releasing energy.
7
Allele
A different version of the same gene.
8
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a gene, for example Bb.
9
Natural selection
Individuals with helpful variation survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles.
10
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
11
Mass number
The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.
12
Ionic bonding
Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, forming oppositely charged ions.
13
Covalent bonding
Sharing of pairs of electrons between non-metal atoms.
14
Relative formula mass
The sum of the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula.
15
Moles
Mass in grams divided by relative formula mass.
16
Exothermic reaction
A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings, so the temperature rises.
17
Electrolysis
Using electricity to break down an ionic compound; positive ions go to the cathode.
18
Speed equation
Speed = distance / time.
19
Newton's second law
Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma).
20
Kinetic energy
KE = 1/2 x mass x speed squared.
21
Gravitational potential energy
GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x height.
22
Ohm's law
Potential difference = current x resistance (V = IR).
23
Wave speed
Wave speed = frequency x wavelength.
24
Half-life
The time for half the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
25
Appeasement
The 1930s British and French policy of giving way to Hitler's demands to avoid war.
26
Treaty of Versailles
The 1919 peace settlement that blamed Germany, took land and demanded reparations.
27
Constructive plate margin
Two plates move apart and new crust forms from magma.
28
Longshore drift
The zigzag movement of sediment along a beach by waves.
29
Simile and metaphor
A simile compares using like or as; a metaphor says one thing is another.

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