All flashcard decks VWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands) syllabus →

52 cardsVWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands)

VWO and HAVO Key Facts Across Subjects

Formulas, rules and definitions from mathematics, economics and Dutch language and literature for quick revision.

Start studying Play Match

PDF study sheet

Free account needed to save, copy or download. We bring you back here.

1 / 52

0 known

TermClick or press Space to flip

Power rule

GetMyMockTestQuestion side

Full list

Terms in this deck (52)

VWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands) mock tests →

Power rule

\frac{d}{d x} x^{n} = n x^{n - 1}

Product rule

(uv)^{'} = u^{'} v + u v^{'}

Quotient rule

(\frac{u}{v})^{'} = \frac{u ^{'} v - u v ^{'}}{v ^{2}}

Chain rule

\frac{d}{d x} f (g (x)) = f^{'} (g (x)) \cdot g^{'} (x)

Derivative of

e^{x}

and

ln x

(e^{x})^{'} = e^{x}

and

(ln x)^{'} = \frac{1}{x}

for

x > 0

Derivative of

sin x

and

cos x

(sin x)^{'} = cos x

and

(cos x)^{'} = - sin x

Logarithm of a product

lo g (ab) = lo g a + lo g b

for

a, b > 0

Logarithm of a power

lo g (a^{n}) = n lo g a

for

a > 0

Inverse of the exponential

e^{l n x} = x

for

x > 0

and

ln (e^{x}) = x

Double-angle formula for sine

sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x

Double-angle formula for cosine

cos 2 x = cos^{2} x - sin^{2} x

Pythagorean identity

sin^{2} x + cos^{2} x = 1

Period of

sin (b x)

\frac{2 π}{b}

Quadratic formula

x = \frac{- b \pm b ^{2} - 4 a c}{2 a}

for

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

Vertex of a parabola

x = - \frac{b}{2 a}

for

y = a x^{2} + b x + c

Sum of an arithmetic series

S_{n} = \frac{n}{2} (2 a + (n - 1) d)

Sum of an infinite geometric series

S = \frac{a}{1 - r}

when

∣ r ∣ < 1

Binomial coefficient

(k n) = \frac{n !}{k ! ( n - k )!}

Expected value

E (X) = \sum x \cdot P (x)

Empirical rule for the normal distribution

About

68%

95%

and

99.7%

of the values lie within

1

2

and

3

standard deviations of the mean.

Dot product test

Two nonzero vectors are perpendicular when

a \cdot b = 0

Area between two graphs

\int_{a}^{b} (f (x) - g (x)) d x

when

f \geq g

[a, b]

Real growth

Nominal growth minus inflation, approximately.

Opportunity cost

The value of the best alternative that is given up when a choice is made.

Price elasticity of demand

The percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.

Profit-maximising rule

Produce the quantity at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue.

Simple multiplier

\frac{1}{1 - M P C}

, where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume.

Stability and Growth Pact reference values

A deficit of

3%

of GDP and a debt of

60%

of GDP.

Subordinate clause in Dutch

The finite verb moves to the end, as in 'omdat ik ziek ben'.

Tachtigers

Dutch writers of the 1880s linked to the magazine De Nieuwe Gids (1885).

Marginal revenue and marginal cost rule

Profit is maximised where marginal revenue equals marginal cost (

M O = M K

M R = M C

Cross-price elasticity of demand

E_{k} > 0

indicates substitute goods (goederen vervangen elkaar);

E_{k} < 0

indicates complementary goods (vullen elkaar aan).

Income elasticity of demand

E_{y} > 1

: luxury good;

0 < E_{y} \leq 1

: necessity/normal good;

E_{y} < 0

: inferior good.

Consumer surplus and producer surplus

Consumer surplus is willingness to pay minus actual price; producer surplus is market price minus marginal production cost.

Negative externalities and Pigouvian tax

Unpriced negative side effects cause overproduction; a corrective excise tax (accijns) internalises external costs.

Deadweight loss (welvaartsverlies)

Loss of economic efficiency and social welfare caused by taxes, subsidies, price ceilings or monopoly power.

Fiscal policy vs Monetary policy

Fiscal policy is set by government via taxation and public spending; monetary policy is conducted by ECB via interest rates and money supply.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Exchange rates adjust so an identical basket of goods has the same price across different currency areas.

Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient

The Lorenz curve graphs cumulative income against population; Gini coefficient ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (extreme inequality).

Current account balance (lopende rekening)

Sum of trade balance in goods, services, primary income flows and secondary cross-border income transfers.

Primary balance vs Fiscal deficit

Primary balance is government net lending/borrowing excluding interest payments on accumulated public debt.

Dutch literary movement: De Stijl and Dada

Interwar avant-garde movements (Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondriaan, Antony Kok) aiming for abstraction, constructivism and anti-art.

Dutch Golden Age literature (17th Century)

Renowned Dutch Renaissance and Baroque authors include Joost van den Vondel, P.C. Hooft and Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero.

Max Havelaar by Multatuli (1860)

Key 19th-century novel by Eduard Douwes Dekker exposing colonial abuses and forced cultuurstelsel in the Dutch East Indies.

De Grote Drie of post-war Dutch literature

Willem Frederik Hermans, Gerard Reve and Harry Mulisch, dominating Dutch literary fiction in the second half of the 20th century.

Dutch sentence structure: V2 word order

In Dutch main clauses, the finite verb must appear in the second structural position (verb second / V2 rule).

Dutch spelling: 't kofschip / 't fokschaap rule

Past tense weak verb endings: if the verb stem ends in a consonant from 't kofschip (t, k, f, s, ch, p), add -te(n) / -t; otherwise -de(n) / -d.

Dutch relative pronouns: die vs dat

'Die' refers to common gender nouns (de-woorden) and plurals; 'dat' refers to neuter singular nouns (het-woorden).

Style figures: Metaphor vs Simile

A simile (vergelijking) uses explicit comparison words (als, zoals); a metaphor directly applies an image without comparison markers.

Style figures: Hyperbole and Litotes

Hyperbole is deliberate strong exaggeration; litotes is strong affirmation through negation of the opposite (niet slecht = erg goed).

Argumentation theory: Ad hominem fallacy

Attacking the speaker personally or questioning their character rather than addressing the substance of their logical premise.

Trias Politica (Separation of powers)

Montesquieu doctrine dividing state authority into legislative (wetgevend), executive (uitvoerend), and judicial (rechterlijk) branches.

More VWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands) practice

VWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands) mock tests

All VWO / HAVO Centraal Examen (Netherlands) practice →