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25 cardsYDS (Yabancı Dil Bilgisi Seviye Tespit Sınavı)

YDS Academic English Core Vocabulary and Structures

ÖSYM YDS ve e-YDS İngilizce sınavları için akademik kelimeler, phrasal fiiller, bağlaçlar ve devrik yapılar.

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Academic Verb: Undermine
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1
Academic Verb: Undermine
To gradually weaken, subvert, or damage (e.g., 'Rising inflation threatens to undermine economic growth').
2
Academic Adjective: Obsolete
Out of date, no longer produced or used (synonyms: outdated, superseded, archaic).
3
Academic Verb: Counteract
To act against something in order to reduce its negative effect (synonyms: neutralize, offset, curb).
4
Academic Adjective: Resilient
Able to recover quickly from difficult conditions or trauma (synonyms: hardy, strong, adaptable).
5
Academic Verb: Elucidate
To make clear or explain lucidly (synonyms: clarify, illuminate, expound).
6
Phrasal Verb: Carry Out
To perform, conduct, or execute an experiment, survey, or plan.
7
Phrasal Verb: Put Off vs. Call Off
Put off: to postpone or delay; Call off: to cancel completely.
8
Phrasal Verb: Step Down
To resign from an important public office or corporate leadership position.
9
Phrasal Verb: Back Out (of)
To withdraw from an undertaking, commitment, or agreed partnership.
10
Phrasal Verb: Cut Down On
To reduce the quantity, consumption, or expenditure of something.
11
Subordinating Conjunction: Provided (That)
On condition that, only if (e.g., 'Provided that protocols are followed, data remains valid').
12
Concessive Prepositions: Despite / In Spite Of
Followed by noun phrase or gerund: 'Despite the harsh terrain, the expedition succeeded'.
13
Negative Inversion Rule: Not Only ... But Also
Not only + auxiliary + subject + verb: 'Not only did they ratify the treaty, but they also funded it.'
14
Negative Inversion Rule: Rarely / Seldom / Scarcely
Rarely + auxiliary + subject: 'Rarely has there been such consensus among researchers.'
15
Correlative Negative: No Sooner ... Than
No sooner had + subject + V3 ... than + past simple: 'No sooner had the rocket launched than telemetry failed.'
16
Adverbial Result Construction: So ... That vs. Such ... That
So + adjective/adverb + that; Such + (a/an) + adjective + noun + that (expresses consequence).
17
Mandative Subjunctive Syntax
It is vital/essential/imperative that + subject + bare infinitive (e.g., 'It is imperative that every physician attend').
18
Inverted Type 1 Conditional: Should
Should + subject + bare verb: 'Should the generator fail, batteries will engage' (= If the generator fails).
19
Inverted Type 3 Conditional: Had
Had + subject + V3: 'Had engineers inspected the valve, the leak would have been averted' (= If they had inspected).
20
Prepositional Phrase: Prior To
Before, preceding in time (e.g., 'Prior to the discovery of antibiotics, infections were lethal').
21
Causal Connector: Attributed To
Regarded as caused by (e.g., 'The market rally can be attributed to monetary easing').
22
Adverbial Participle: Thereby + -ing
As a result of that, in that way (e.g., 'Sensors adjust airflow, thereby minimizing drag').
23
Academic Noun: Worldview / Paradigm
A fundamental framework of beliefs, concepts, and values guiding perception and inquiry.
24
Economic Concept: Comparative Advantage
The ability to produce a good at a lower relative opportunity cost than trading partners.
25
Psychological Term: Cognitive Dissonance
Mental discomfort experienced by an individual holding contradictory beliefs or values.

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