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Sciences Po Entrance Key Concepts and Dates

28 flashcards on international institutions, key events in world history and core economic ideas.

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Paris Agreement
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1
Paris Agreement
Adopted at COP21 in 2015: keep warming well below 2°C and aim for 1.5°C.
2
Kyoto Protocol
1997 agreement with binding emission targets for industrialised countries.
3
Montreal Protocol
1987 treaty that phased out substances that damage the ozone layer.
4
Schengen Area
Countries that have abolished routine border checks between them.
5
Treaty of Maastricht
Signed in 1992, in force in 1993: created the European Union.
6
Treaty of Lisbon
Signed in 2007, in force in 2009: reformed EU institutions.
7
Subsidiarity
Decisions are taken at the lowest level that can deal with them effectively.
8
UN Security Council
Five permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.
9
G7
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
10
WTO
Replaced the GATT in 1995; sets and oversees rules of trade.
11
IMF
Supports monetary cooperation and lends to countries with balance-of-payments problems.
12
Peace of Westphalia
1648: ended the Thirty Years' War and recognised state sovereignty.
13
Congress of Vienna
1814 to 1815: reorganised Europe after Napoleon.
14
Berlin Conference
1884 to 1885: set rules for European colonisation in Africa.
15
Munich Agreement
1938: allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland.
16
Yalta Conference
February 1945: Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin planned the end of the war.
17
Marshall Plan
1947: American aid for rebuilding western European economies.
18
Bandung Conference
1955: Asian and African states promoted non-alignment.
19
Évian Accords
March 1962: ended the Algerian War.
20
GDP
The value of goods and services produced in a country in a period.
21
Real versus nominal
Real values remove the effect of price changes; nominal ones do not.
22
Price elasticity of demand
Percentage change in quantity divided by percentage change in price.
23
Spending multiplier
1 divided by (1 minus the marginal propensity to consume).
24
Comparative advantage
Ricardo: gains from trade by specialising in the lowest opportunity cost.
25
Public good
Non-rival and non-excludable, such as national defence.
26
Phillips curve
Short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment.
27
Stagflation
High inflation with high unemployment and weak growth.
28
Public deficit versus debt
Deficit: one year's shortfall. Debt: the accumulated total owed.

Sciences Po and Grandes Ecoles Entrance Practice in France

In France, Sciences Po and Grandes Ecoles Entrance Practice is part of: Baccalauréat and university entry.

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