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TOEFL ITP Grammar Rules

Key grammar rules for the Structure and Written Expression section.

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Neither...nor
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Terms in this deck (30)

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1
Neither...nor
The verb agrees with the nearer subject.
2
Subjunctive after demand verbs
It is essential that he submit (base form).
3
Despite / although
Despite + noun phrase; although + clause.
4
Since / for
Since + starting point; for + length of time.
5
Second conditional
If + simple past, would + base verb.
6
Third conditional
If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
7
Inversion after negative adverbs
Seldom have I seen... (auxiliary before subject).
8
No sooner...than
No sooner had she left than the phone rang.
9
The more..., the more...
The more you practise, the better you become.
10
Gerund after prepositions
She is good at swimming.
11
Verbs followed by gerunds
enjoy, avoid, suggest, finish, mind.
12
Verbs followed by infinitives
decide, hope, want, plan, agree.
13
Causative have
have + object + past participle.
14
Make + object
make + object + base verb.
15
Parallel structure
Join items in the same grammatical form.
16
A number of / the number of
A number of takes a plural verb; the number of takes a singular verb.
17
Each / every / none
Each and every take a singular verb.
18
Whose
Shows possession in a relative clause.
19
Which with commas
Non-restrictive clauses use which, not that.
20
Reduced clause
The plan approved by the committee (= which was approved).
21
Indirect questions
Use statement order: I do not know where she lives.
22
Used to + gerund
She is used to getting up early.
23
Would rather
Followed by the base form.
24
Wish about the past
I wish I had studied.
25
Few / a few
Few = almost none; a few = some (countable).
26
Little / a little
Little = almost none; a little = some (uncountable).
27
Comparatives
Short adjectives take -er; long adjectives take more.
28
Superlatives
the + -est / the most + adjective.
29
So... that / such... that
so + adjective; such + a/an + adjective + noun.
30
Not only...but also
Join elements of the same grammatical form.

TOEFL ITP Indonesia in Indonesia

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