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30 cardsIraqi National English Proficiency Test (INPT)

INPT: More Grammar Patterns and Word Study

Thirty revision cards on tenses, conditionals, verb patterns, linking words and vocabulary for the Iraqi English proficiency test.

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Present perfect with for and since
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1
Present perfect with for and since
Use for with a length of time and since with a starting point.
2
Past perfect
had + past participle: an action before another past moment.
3
First conditional
If + present simple, will + base verb.
4
Second conditional
If + past simple (were), would + base verb.
5
Third conditional
If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
6
Passive voice
be + past participle: The letter was sent.
7
Reported questions
Use statement word order and move the tense back: She asked where I lived.
8
Modal verbs of obligation
must: strong obligation; mustn't: prohibition; don't have to: not necessary.
9
Comparatives and superlatives
taller / the tallest; more interesting / the most interesting.
10
The more ..., the better
The + comparative ..., the + comparative ... shows parallel increase.
11
Few, a few, little, a little
Few and little mean almost none; a few and a little mean some.
12
Relative pronouns
who for people, which for things, whose for possession, where for places.
13
Gerund after certain verbs
enjoy, suggest, deny, avoid and look forward to are followed by -ing.
14
Infinitive after certain verbs
decide, promise, hope and want are followed by to + base verb.
15
Stop + -ing or to
stop + -ing ends an action; stop + to + verb means stop in order to do something.
16
Remember + -ing or to
remember + -ing recalls the past; remember + to + verb is a task still to do.
17
Be used to and used to
be used to + -ing: be accustomed to; used to + base verb: a past habit.
18
Wish
wish + past simple: present wish; wish + past perfect: regret about the past.
19
Inversion after negative adverbs
Hardly had he opened ... / Not only did she pass ...
20
Subject-verb agreement
Each, neither and the number of take a singular verb; a number of takes a plural verb.
21
Countable and uncountable nouns
information, news, advice and furniture are uncountable.
22
Linking words of contrast
although, however, despite and in spite of show contrast.
23
Linking words of result
therefore, so, consequently and as a result show result.
24
Phrasal verb: put up with
Means to tolerate.
25
Phrasal verb: turn down
Means to refuse.
26
Phrasal verb: look up
Means to search for information.
27
Collocations with make and do
make a decision, make a mistake; do homework, do research.
28
Prepositions after adjectives
afraid of, good at, interested in, depend on, apologise for.
29
Word building
Prefixes un-, dis-, mis- and suffixes -less, -ful, -ness change meaning or word class.
30
Common proverbs
Practice makes perfect; actions speak louder than words.

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In Iraq, Iraqi National English Proficiency Test (INPT) is part of: English.

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