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JU-EPT Academic English Core Rules and Vocabulary

Essential grammar principles, transitional devices, academic collocations, and reading comprehension strategies for the University of Jordan EPT.

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Subject-Verb Agreement with Collective Nouns

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Subject-Verb Agreement with Collective Nouns

In academic English, singular collective nouns viewed as a single unified entity (e.g., 'the committee', 'the faculty', 'the government') take singular verbs.

Inversion after Negative and Restrictive Adverbials

When a sentence begins with negative adverbs (e.g., 'Seldom', 'Rarely', 'Never', 'Not only', 'Scarcely', 'Hardly'), auxiliary verb precedes subject: 'Rarely have scholars observed...'.

Subjunctive Mood in That-Clauses of Demand and Necessity

After verbs like 'demand', 'recommend', 'insist', 'require', or adjectives like 'essential', 'imperative', the that-clause uses the base verb: 'It is essential that she submit the thesis'.

Parallel Structure in Coordinate and Correlative Conjunctions

Elements joined by 'and', 'but', 'or', as well as correlatives ('not only... but also', 'either... or', 'both... and') must share identical grammatical form (e.g., gerund with gerund).

Dangling Participle and Dangling Modifier Rule

An introductory participial phrase must modify the subject immediately following the comma: 'Walking across campus, the library came into view' is WRONG; '...I saw the library' is CORRECT.

Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices

Two independent clauses cannot be joined solely by a comma (comma splice). They must be joined by a semicolon, a period, or a coordinating conjunction with a comma (FANBOYS).

Transitional Connectors of Contrast (However, Nonetheless, Whereas)

'However', 'Nonetheless', and 'Nevertheless' are conjunctive adverbs connecting independent sentences. 'Whereas' and 'Although' are subordinating conjunctions introducing dependent clauses.

Transitional Connectors of Consequence (Consequently, Therefore)

Conjunctive adverbs denoting cause and effect; punctuated with a semicolon before and comma after when joining two independent clauses: '...results were inconclusive; therefore, further trials...'.

Conditional Sentences: Inversion Without 'If'

Conditional clauses can omit 'if' via inversion: 'Had I known...' (Type 3); 'Were he present...' (Type 2); 'Should you require...' (Type 1).

Academic Vocabulary: 'Pragmatic' vs 'Dogmatic'

'Pragmatic' means dealing with matters practically and realistically. 'Dogmatic' means asserting rigid ideological doctrines without accommodating empirical evidence.

Academic Vocabulary: 'Corroborate' vs 'Refute'

'Corroborate' means to confirm, validate, or support with supporting evidence. 'Refute' means to prove an assertion, hypothesis, or argument false or invalid.

Academic Vocabulary: 'Ephemeral' vs 'Perennial'

'Ephemeral' means lasting for a very brief, transitory period. 'Perennial' means enduring, persistent, or recurring year after year.

Academic Vocabulary: 'Ubiquitous' and 'Omnipresent'

Both adjectives describe something present, appearing, or found everywhere simultaneously (e.g., 'smartphones have become ubiquitous in daily life').

Academic Collocation: 'Comply With' vs 'Adhere To'

Prepositional pairings: one must 'comply WITH regulations/rules', 'adhere TO standards/guidelines', 'conform TO expectations', and 'abide BY decisions'.

Academic Collocation: 'Draw a Conclusion' and 'Cast Doubt'

Researchers 'draw / arrive at a conclusion', 'formulate a hypothesis', 'conduct an investigation', and 'cast doubt on previous findings'.

Reading Strategy: Identifying the Main Idea

Look at the topic sentence of introductory and concluding paragraphs; synthesize the unifying argumentative thesis rather than selecting isolated supporting examples.

Reading Strategy: Distinguishing Fact from Author's Opinion

Facts are verifiable empirical data or historical occurrences. Opinions, arguments, and hypotheses rely on evaluative language (e.g., 'arguably', 'ostensibly', 'should', 'presumably').

Academic Idiom: 'Play Devil's Advocate'

To argue against an idea or take an opposing stance deliberately in a debate to test the validity and rigor of the argument, regardless of personal agreement.

Uncountable Nouns in Academic English

'Research', 'information', 'evidence', 'equipment', 'advice', 'furniture' are uncountable in academic English: never preceded by 'a/an' and never pluralized with '-s'.

Gerund vs Infinitive after Reporting Verbs

Followed by gerund (-ing): admit, consider, deny, recommend, suggest. Followed by infinitive (to + verb): agree, decide, demand, refuse, promise.

Relative Pronouns: 'Which' vs 'That'

In formal academic English, 'that' is used exclusively in restrictive/defining clauses (no commas); 'which' is used in non-restrictive/non-defining clauses preceded by a comma.

Past Perfect Tense Usage and Time Markers

Used to denote an action completed before another past event or point in time: 'By the time the symposium concluded, the delegates had ratified the communique'.

Academic Vocabulary: 'Anomalous' and 'Anomaly'

Deviating from what is standard, normal, expected, or typical (e.g., 'anomalous laboratory results required repeating the entire assay').

Academic Vocabulary: 'Exacerbate' vs 'Alleviate'

'Exacerbate' means to worsen, aggravate, or increase the severity of a problem. 'Alleviate' means to relieve, ease, or diminish suffering or difficulty.

Academic Reading: Inferring Tone and Attitude

Examine the author's choice of adjectives, adverbs, and framing verbs to determine whether the stance is objective, critical, enthusiastic, skeptical, or cautionary.

University of Jordan English Proficiency Test (JU-EPT) in Jordan

In Jordan, University of Jordan English Proficiency Test (JU-EPT) is part of: University entrance.

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