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GED Oman Trigonometry, Physics and Chemistry Rules

Flashcards on trigonometry, mechanics, electricity, waves, mole calculations, equilibrium and organic chemistry for the Oman GED scientific stream. Original study material.

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Sine, cosine and tangent in a right triangle

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Sine, cosine and tangent in a right triangle

sin θ = \frac{o pp}{h y p}

cos θ = \frac{a d j}{h y p}

tan θ = \frac{o pp}{a d j}

Law of sines

\frac{a}{s i n A} = \frac{b}{s i n B} = \frac{c}{s i n C}

Law of cosines

c^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2} - 2 ab cos C

Radian measure

18 0^{\circ} = π

radians; arc length

s = r θ

Exponent laws

a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}

;

(a^{m})^{n} = a^{mn}

;

a^{- n} = \frac{1}{a ^{n}}

Newton's second law

F = ma

Work and kinetic energy

W = F s cos θ

;

E_{k} = \frac{1}{2} m v^{2}

Gravitational potential energy

E_{p} = m g h

Momentum and impulse

p = m v

; impulse

= F Δ t = Δ p

Ohm's law and power

V = I R

;

P = V I

Wave equation

v = f λ

Coulomb's law

F = k \frac{q _{1} q _{2}}{r ^{2}}

Moles from mass

n = \frac{m}{M _{r}}

Concentration

c = \frac{n}{V}

(mol per dm

^{3}

)

Ideal gas equation

p V = n R T

pH = - lo g_{10} [H^{+}]

Le Chatelier's principle

A system at equilibrium shifts to oppose any change in conditions.

Rate of reaction

Rate rises with concentration, temperature, surface area and a catalyst.

Oxidation and reduction

Oxidation is loss of electrons; reduction is gain of electrons.

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

C_{n} H_{2 n + 2}

C_{n} H_{2 n}

C_{n} H_{2 n - 2}

Enthalpy change

Δ H = \sum H_{products} - \sum H_{reactants}

; negative means exothermic.

Equilibrium constant

K_{c} = \frac{[ C ] ^{c}}{[ A ] ^{a} [ B ] ^{b}}

for

a A + b B ⇌ c C

Half-life

After

n

half-lives the fraction left is

(\frac{1}{2})^{n}

Centripetal acceleration

a = \frac{v ^{2}}{r}

Density

ρ = \frac{m}{V}

GED Oman Trigonometry, Physics and Chemistry Rules

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