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25 cardsOman Medical Specialty Board Examination (OMSB)

OMSB Clinical Practice and Emergency Protocols

25 flashcards to revise the key facts for the Oman Medical Specialty Board Examination. Study material written for practice, not the official exam.

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Initial Medical Management of Acute STEMI
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1
Initial Medical Management of Acute STEMI
Immediate chewable aspirin (300 mg), P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor 180 mg or clopidogrel 600 mg), unfractionated heparin, sublingual nitroglycerin, and urgent primary PCI within 90 minutes.
2
First-Line Treatment for Anaphylactic Shock
Intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline) 1:1,000 (0.5 mg in adults, 0.01 mg/kg in children) injected into the anterolateral mid-thigh immediately, followed by high-flow oxygen and IV crystalloids.
3
ACLS Energy and Drug Sequence for Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) / Pulseless VT
Immediate defibrillation (120-200 J biphasic), CPR for 2 minutes, epinephrine 1 mg IV every 3-5 minutes, amiodarone 300 mg IV after the 3rd shock (second dose 150 mg).
4
Wells Score Thresholds for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Score > 4 indicates PE likely (proceed to CT pulmonary angiography); Score <= 4 indicates PE unlikely (obtain high-sensitivity D-dimer assay to rule out).
5
CURB-65 Mortality Risk Score for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Confusion (1), Urea > 7 mmol/L (1), Respiratory rate >= 30/min (1), Blood pressure SBP < 90 or DBP <= 60 mmHg (1), Age >= 65 (1). Score 0-1: outpatient; 2: inpatient; >= 3: intensive care.
6
Initial Fluid Resuscitation Protocol in Severe Sepsis / Septic Shock
Intravenous crystalloids at 30 mL/kg administered within the first 3 hours; target mean arterial pressure (MAP) >= 65 mmHg with norepinephrine as the first-line vasopressor if hypotensive.
7
Diagnostic Triad and Initial Therapy for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 11 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL), venous pH < 7.30 or bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L, and ketonemia/ketonuria. Initial therapy: isotonic saline, regular insulin infusion (0.1 U/kg/h), and potassium repletion.
8
Acute Management of Severe Hyperkalemia with ECG Changes
10 mL of 10% Calcium Gluconate IV over 2-3 minutes for cardiac membrane stabilization, followed by 10 units regular insulin with 50 mL of 50% dextrose, and nebulized salbutamol to shift potassium intracellularly.
9
Diagnostic Criteria and Initial Management of Status Epilepticus
Continuous seizure activity >= 5 minutes or recurrent seizures without recovery. First-line: IV lorazepam (0.1 mg/kg) or IM midazolam (10 mg). Second-line: IV levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, or sodium valproate.
10
Intravenous Thrombolysis Inclusion Criteria and Window in Acute Ischemic Stroke
IV alteplase (0.9 mg/kg, max 90 mg) administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset after non-contrast head CT rules out intracranial hemorrhage and BP is controlled below 185/110 mmHg.
11
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Assessment Components and Ranges
Eye Opening (1-4), Verbal Response (1-5), Motor Response (1-6). Total score ranges from 3 (deep coma/death) to 15 (fully awake). Severe head injury defined as GCS <= 8, requiring endotracheal intubation.
12
Parkland Formula for Burn Resuscitation Fluid in the First 24 Hours
4 mL total body weight (kg) % Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) of 2nd/3rd degree burns of Ringer's Lactate. Half given in the first 8 hours post-burn; remaining half given over the subsequent 16 hours.
13
Initial Diagnostic and Resuscitative Steps in Tension Pneumothorax
Immediate needle decompression in the 2nd intercostal space midclavicular line or 4th/5th intercostal space anterior axillary line, followed immediately by formal tube thoracostomy (chest drain).
14
Charcot's Triad and Reynolds' Pentad for Acute Cholangitis
Charcot's Triad: fever, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain. Reynolds' Pentad: Charcot's triad plus hypotension (shock) and altered mental status. Requires urgent biliary decompression via ERCP.
15
Pediatric Apgar Score Scoring Components and Evaluation Times
Evaluated at 1 and 5 minutes post-birth. Components (0-2 each): Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (respiratory effort). Max score = 10.
16
Criteria for Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis
Fever for >= 5 days plus >= 4 of 5 clinical criteria: bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, oral mucosal changes (strawberry tongue), polymorphous rash, extremity changes (erythema/edema/desquamation), cervical lymphadenopathy (> 1.5 cm).
17
First-Line Medical Therapy for Kawasaki Disease
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG 2 g/kg as a single infusion) plus high-dose Aspirin (80-100 mg/kg/day) to prevent coronary artery aneurysms.
18
First-Line Antibiotic for Acute Epiglottitis
Third-generation cephalosporin (IV Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime) plus an anti-staphylococcal agent (Vancomycin), after securing the airway in a controlled operating theatre environment.
19
Diagnostic Criteria for Preeclampsia
New-onset hypertension (SBP >= 140 or DBP >= 90 mmHg on two occasions 4 hours apart) after 20 weeks gestation, accompanied by proteinuria (>= 300 mg/24h or protein-to-creatinine ratio >= 0.3) or maternal organ dysfunction.
20
Prophylaxis and Treatment of Eclampsia Seizures
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate: 4 to 6 g loading dose over 15-20 minutes, followed by a continuous maintenance infusion of 1 to 2 g/hour. Antidote for magnesium toxicity: 10% Calcium Gluconate IV.
21
First-Line Treatment for Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) Uterine Atony
Bimanual uterine massage, immediate IV oxytocin (10-40 units in infusion), followed by tranexamic acid (1 g IV), methylergonovine, carboprost (PGF2-alpha), or misoprostol (sublingual/rectal).
22
Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (One-Step 75g OGTT)
Fasting blood glucose >= 5.1 mmol/L (92 mg/dL), 1-hour >= 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), or 2-hour >= 8.5 mmol/L (153 mg/dL). Any single abnormal value establishes the diagnosis.
23
Standard Medical Prophylaxis for Rh-Negative Unsensitized Pregnant Women
Anti-D immune globulin (RhoGAM 300 mcg / 1,500 IU) administered routinely at 28 weeks gestation and within 72 hours following delivery of an Rh-positive infant.
24
Acute Management of Severe Acute Asthma Exacerbation
High-flow oxygen, frequent or continuous nebulized salbutamol (albuterol) combined with ipratropium bromide, early systemic corticosteroids (oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone), and IV magnesium sulfate if refractory.
25
Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis
Definite diagnosis requires 2 major criteria (persistently positive blood cultures for typical organisms, echocardiographic evidence of endocardial involvement/vegetation), or 1 major + 3 minor, or 5 minor criteria.

Oman Medical Specialty Board Examination (OMSB) in Oman

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