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Literature and History: Key Facts for the Exames Nacionais

Flashcards on Portuguese authors, works, periods and the main dates of Portuguese history. Practice material written for study.

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Who wrote Os Lusíadas (1572)?
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1
Who wrote Os Lusíadas (1572)?
Luís de Camões, in ten cantos about Vasco da Gama's voyage to India.
2
What are the four parts of an epic poem's structure?
Proposição, Invocação, Dedicatória and Narração.
3
What is the rhyme scheme of the oitava rima in Os Lusíadas?
ABABABCC, with eight decasyllabic lines.
4
Who is the spirit of the Cape in Os Lusíadas?
Adamastor, who foretells disasters for the Portuguese.
5
Name Pessoa's three main heteronyms.
Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis and Álvaro de Campos.
6
What are the three parts of Mensagem (1934)?
Brasão, Mar Português and O Encoberto.
7
Which heteronym wrote O Guardador de Rebanhos?
Alberto Caeiro, the poet of nature and sensation.
8
What is the theme of Autopsicografia?
Poetic pretence (fingimento): the poet feigns even the pain he feels.
9
Who wrote Os Maias?
Eça de Queirós, a Realist novelist (subtitle: Episódios da vida romântica).
10
Which novel by Saramago is about Baltasar and Blimunda?
Memorial do Convento, set during the building of the convent of Mafra.
11
Who wrote Frei Luís de Sousa?
Almeida Garrett, a Romantic drama about D. Sebastião's legend.
12
Who wrote the Auto da Barca do Inferno?
Gil Vicente, the founder of Portuguese theatre.
13
Who preached the Sermão de Santo António aos Peixes?
Padre António Vieira, a Jesuit preacher, in Maranhão in 1654.
14
What is a cantiga de amigo?
A medieval song with a female voice speaking of her beloved, written by a male troubadour.
15
What are the types of rhyme ABAB, AABB, ABBA called?
Crossed (cruzada), paired (emparelhada), interpolated (interpolada).
16
Which Portuguese Nobel laureate in Literature won in 1998?
José Saramago.
17
Who was the first king of Portugal?
Afonso Henriques; recognised at Zamora in 1143.
18
What did the Battle of Aljubarrota (1385) secure?
The throne of João I of Avis and independence from Castile.
19
When did Ceuta fall to the Portuguese?
1415.
20
When did Vasco da Gama reach Calicut?
1498.
21
When did Cabral reach Brazil?
1500.
22
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) do?
Divided new lands between Portugal and Spain along a line west of Cape Verde.
23
Which date began the Restoration of independence?
1 December 1640, with João IV of Braganza.
24
When was the Lisbon earthquake?
1 November 1755; Pombal directed the rebuilding.
25
What happened on 5 October 1910?
The monarchy fell and the republic was proclaimed.
26
What happened on 25 April 1974?
The Carnation Revolution ended the Estado Novo.
27
When did Portugal join the EEC?
1 January 1986.

Exames Nacionais Secundário (Portugal) in Portugal

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