Which type of ionizing radiation exhibits the highest specific ionization power along its path through air?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. alpha particles consisting of fast-moving helium nuclei
- Step 1: Ionizing power is proportional to particle mass and the square of its electric charge, and inversely related to speed. Step 2. Alpha particles carry a charge of +2e and have a relatively large mass (4 u), causing dense ionization trails. Step 3. Alpha > Beta > Gamma in ionizing power. Answer: alpha particles consisting of fast-moving helium nuclei. Why not the others: Beta particles carry charge -e and lower mass; gamma and UV rays have zero electric charge and much lower ionizing density.
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