What specialized ciliated excretory cells maintain osmoregulation and excretion in platyhelminth flatworms like Planaria?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. flame cells
- Step 1: Flatworms possess protonephridial networks capped by bulb-like flame cells. Step 2. A tuft of beating cilia (resembling a flickering flame) drives interstitial fluid through excretory canals to external excretory pores. Answer: flame cells (protonephridia). Why not the others: Malpighian tubules are insect structures; metanephridia are in earthworms; coxal glands are in arachnids.
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