Which anatomical structure provides compelling comparative anatomical evidence of divergent evolution from a common ancestral vertebrate lineage?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. the homologous pentadactyl limb found in humans, bats, whales, and horses
- Step 1: Homologous structures share a common basic anatomical plan derived from a common ancestor, modified for different functions through divergent evolution. Step 2. The pentadactyl limb (1 upper bone, 2 lower bones, carpals, metacarpals, 5 digits) is adapted for grasping (human), flying (bat), swimming (whale), and running (horse). Answer: the homologous pentadactyl limb found in humans, bats, whales, and horses. Why not the others: Insect and bird wings are analogous (convergent evolution); shark and dolphin shapes are convergent analog structures.
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