Statement 1: Some birds can swim. Statement 2: All penguins are birds. Statement 3: All penguins can swim. What can be logically concluded about birds in general?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. At least some birds possess swimming capability
- Step 1: From Statement 1 and Statement 3, penguins are an explicit subset of birds that can swim.
- Step 2: This deductively establishes that at least some birds have the ability to swim.
- Step 3: No universal statement about all birds swimming can be inferred.
Answer
At least some birds possess swimming capability.
Why not the others: 'All birds can swim' is an unjustified overgeneralization; 'No birds other than penguins swim' is unstated and false (e.g., ducks); 'Swimming required for flight' is an illogical assertion.
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