Which New Kingdom pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty established a revolutionary monotheistic cult centered on the Aten (the solar disk) and moved Egypt's capital to Akhetaten (modern Amarna)?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)
- Step 1: Pharaoh Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten ('Effective for Aten') during his fifth regnal year.
- Step 2: He disbanded the traditional priesthood of Amun at Thebes, declared the sun disk Aten to be the sole supreme deity, and constructed a new royal capital city at Amarna in Middle Egypt.
Answer
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV).
Why not the others: 'Thutmose III' was the great warrior pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty; 'Amenhotep III' was Akhenaten's father, known for the Colossi of Memnon and imperial diplomacy; 'Seti I' was a 19th Dynasty conqueror who restored traditional polytheism.
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