Complete the sentence: Only after the laboratory spectrometer ______ calibrated did the research team begin measuring the chemical samples.

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. had been

  1. Step 1: Identify temporal sequence in past narrative: The spectrometer was calibrated prior to the commencement of measurements in the past ('did the team begin').
  2. Step 2: Select tense for past action completed prior to another past event: Past perfect passive ('had been calibrated').
  3. Step 3: Confirm agreement with initial restrictive phrase 'Only after...'.
Answer
had been.
Why not the others: 'has been' is present perfect; 'is' is simple present; 'will be' is future tense, all clashing with the past indicative 'did... begin'.

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