Which human cellular organelle possesses its own circular double-stranded DNA genome and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic origin?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Mitochondrion
- Step 1: Recall the endosymbiotic theory: Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral pre-eukaryotic cells.
- Step 2: Evidence includes: double membranes, circular non-histone DNA genomes (mtDNA), binary fission replication, and 70S ribosomes sensitive to bacterial antibiotics.
- Step 3: Identify the mitochondrion.
Answer
Mitochondrion.
Why not the others: 'Endoplasmic reticulum' is part of the internal endomembrane system lacking autonomous genetic material; 'Peroxisome' lacks its own genome and imports nuclear-encoded proteins; 'Lysosome' is a digestive vesicle budded from the Golgi apparatus without independent DNA.
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