In an ecosystem, what does the 10 percent law of energy transfer (Lindeman) state? (Hard)
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Only about 10 percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher level
- Step 1: Organisms consume energy for respiration, movement, and heat loss, while much biomass remains unconsumed. Step 2. Raymond Lindeman formulated that on average, only approx 10% of chemical energy in biomass is converted into biomass in the subsequent trophic level. Answer: Only about 10 percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher level. Why not the others: 90% is lost, not conserved; 90% loss as heat/metabolism is the corollary; producers capture <1-2% of incident sunlight.
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