What optical phenomenon enables flexible fiber-optic endoscopes to transmit illuminated images from deep body cavities without light loss?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Total internal reflection
- Step 1: Optical fibers consist of a high refractive index glass core (n1) surrounded by a lower index cladding (n2). Step 2. Light entering the core at angles greater than the critical angle undergoes repeated 100% total internal reflection along the flexible fiber. Answer: Total internal reflection. Why not the others: Mirror reflection suffers absorption losses; diffraction disperses images; scattering causes attenuation.
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