Why is rotating tungsten preferred as the target anode material in high-power clinical X-ray tubes?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. High melting point and high atomic number
- Step 1: Over 99% of electron kinetic energy in an X-ray tube is converted into waste heat, and less than 1% into X-rays. Step 2. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals (3422 deg C) and a high atomic number (Z=74) that maximizes Bremsstrahlung efficiency (proportional to Z). Answer: High melting point (3422 deg C) and high atomic number (Z = 74) for efficient X-ray production. Why not the others: Low resistance is not key; tungsten is completely radiopaque, not transparent; it does not emit magnetic waves.
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