Read the excerpt: 'The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems presents significant infrastructural hurdles. While solar and wind resources are abundant in arid regions, the intermittent nature of renewable energy necessitates grid-scale storage solutions that remain economically demanding.' What is the primary central argument of the author?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Adopting renewable energy requires solving technological and financial challenges in energy storage

  1. Step 1: The passage highlights that solar/wind resources are abundant, but intermittency requires grid-scale storage.
  2. Step 2: The author notes that this storage remains economically demanding, presenting significant infrastructural hurdles.
  3. Step 3: Synthesizing these elements reveals that the central point is the necessity of overcoming economic and technical challenges in storage to enable successful transition.
Answer
Adopting renewable energy requires solving technological and financial challenges in energy storage.
Why not the others: 'Solar power is ineffective' directly contradicts the text statement that solar resources are abundant; 'Renewable infrastructure has replaced grids' misrepresents an ongoing challenge as an accomplished feat; 'Fossil fuels will permanently remain cheaper' introduces an unstated permanent prediction.

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