Which international treaty signed in 1830 formally recognized Greece as an independent, sovereign monarchical state?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. London Protocol of 1830
- Step 1: Signed on 3 February 1830 by Britain, France, and Russia, the London Protocol revised earlier autonomy proposals into complete sovereignty. The protocol established a fully independent Greek state bounded by the Aspropotamos-Spercheios line. Answer: London Protocol of 1830. Why not the others: "Treaty of Adrianople" was the 1829 peace ending the Russo-Turkish War, compelling the Porte to accept Greek autonomy; "Treaty of Constantinople" was signed in 1832, fixing the final northern border along the Arta-Volos line; "Treaty of Paris pact" was the 1856 treaty terminating the Crimean War, unrelated to Greek recognition.
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More Enlightenment, 1821 Revolution and Kingdom of Greece questions
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