Choose the option that correctly completes the participial construction:
_____ by the sudden torrential downpour, the hikers sought refuge beneath the broad limestone overhang.
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Caught
- Step 1: Determine whether the participle clause is active or passive: the hikers were caught by the unexpected downpour (passive recipient of the action).
- Step 2: Use the past participle 'Caught' to form a reduced passive participle clause indicating cause: 'Caught by the sudden torrential downpour, the hikers sought refuge...'.
Answer
Caught.
Why not the others: 'Catching' is a present participle denoting active voice (as if the hikers were catching the rain); 'Having catch' is grammatically ill-formed as the past participle 'caught' is required after 'having'; 'To be caught' expresses future purpose or an infinitive rather than a completed prior circumstance.
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