Read the following passage and answer the question:

"In dense urban metropolitan areas, asphalt roads and concrete high-rises absorb solar radiation during the day and re-radiate it at night, creating the 'urban heat island' effect. Retrofitting buildings with vegetated green roofs shades roof surfaces, facilitates evapotranspiration, and dramatically curtails heat transfer into top-floor units."

Based on the passage, how do green roofs mitigate urban heat?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. by shading structural surfaces and promoting evapotranspiration

  1. Step 1: Trace the explicit mechanisms described in the text: 'shades roof surfaces, facilitates evapotranspiration, and dramatically curtails heat transfer'.
  2. Step 2: Select the option that directly matches these stated mechanisms: shading structural surfaces and promoting evapotranspiration.
Answer
by shading structural surfaces and promoting evapotranspiration.
Why not the others: 'by reflecting ultraviolet rays using specialized metallic foils' describes reflective cool roofs, not vegetated green roofs; 'by generating electrical currents that run cooling air conditioning' describes solar photovoltaic panels; 'by eliminating the need for storm drainage systems in city centers' is unsupported by the text.

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