What chemical reaction occurs during saponification to manufacture soap?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Hydrolysis of fats and oils by boiling with concentrated alkali
- Step 1: Recall the saponification reaction: natural fats and oils are triglycerides (esters of glycerol and long-chain fatty acids).
- Step 2: Boiling triglycerides with concentrated alkali ( or ) hydrolyzes the ester linkages, producing glycerol and the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, which constitute soap.
Answer
Hydrolysis of fats and oils by boiling with concentrated alkali.
Why not the others: 'Direct combustion of aliphatic hydrocarbons in limited oxygen' produces carbon monoxide and soot; 'Condensation of amino acids to synthesize structural polypeptides' represents protein synthesis; 'Neutralization of hydrochloric acid by aqueous sodium carbonate' produces sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water.
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