Select the participle that correctly condenses the active relative clause:
Regulations ________ the disposal of toxic industrial effluents must be enforced without administrative exceptions.
(Original: Regulations which govern the disposal...)
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. governing
Answer: governing. Why not the others: 'governed' is a passive participle that would mean someone else governs the regulations; 'to govern' expresses future purpose rather than a defining general function; 'having governed' implies a completed past action.
- Step 1: Identify the relationship: the regulations actively govern disposal ('Regulations which govern...').
- Step 2: An active relative clause describing a general truth or continuous state reduces to an active present participle: 'governing'.
Practise more Participle Clauses, Non-Finite Verb Forms, and Modifier Placement.
Free questions with an explanation for every one, and full timed MUET Malaysia (Malaysian University English Test) mock tests.
More Participle Clauses, Non-Finite Verb Forms, and Modifier Placement questions
- Identify the sentence that correctly resolves the dangling modifier by ensuring the introductory participle modifies the logical subject:
H… - Choose the correct participial structure to combine the two clauses concisely:
Because the forensic auditor detected irregularities in the… - Select the sentence that uses a past participle clause correctly:
________ by the unprecedented volatility in currency exchange rates, the… - Choose the option that accurately completes the sequential participial construction:
________ all statutory safety protocols, the civil avi… - Identify the grammatically correct nominative absolute construction:
________, the botanical survey of the remote highland plateau proceede… - Select the option that conforms to standard formal academic style regarding the subject of a gerund:
The department chair strongly objected…