Which five coenzymes are required by the multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), FAD, NAD+, Coenzyme A, and Lipoic acid
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1, E2, E3) requires five distinct cofactors/coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP from vitamin B1), lipoic acid, Coenzyme A (from pantothenic acid), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD from riboflavin), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ from niacin).
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