In medical ultrasound imaging, why does an acoustic impedance mismatch between two adjacent biological tissues cause an echo reflection at the boundary?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The reflected ultrasound fraction depends on the acoustic impedance difference (Z = rho * v)
Acoustic impedance Z is the product of tissue density and speed of sound: Z = rho * v. At a planar interface between two media of impedances Z1 and Z2, the intensity reflection coefficient is R = ((Z2 - Z1) / (Z2 + Z1))^2. When there is a mismatch (Z1 != Z2), a fraction of the ultrasound wave is reflected back to the piezoelectric transducer, creating the echo used to construct the image.
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