What electrophile is generated in the nitration of benzene by a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Nitronium ion
Concentrated H2SO4 protonates HNO3, which loses water to generate the linear, highly electrophilic nitronium ion (O=N+=O): HNO3 + 2 H2SO4 <=> NO2+ + H3O+ + 2 HSO4-.
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