Which enzyme hormone released by the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney activates downstream angiotensinogen cleavage in response to a drop in glomerular filtration rate?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Renin
- Step 1: A decrease in renal perfusion pressure or systemic blood volume triggers homeostatic counter-regulatory mechanisms in the kidneys.
- Step 2: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the afferent arterioles sense this reduction and secrete the proteolytic hormone-enzyme renin into circulation.
- Step 3: Renin hydrolyzes circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, initiating the pathway that elevates blood pressure and restores glomerular filtration rate.
Answer
Renin.
Why not the others: Podocytes of Bowman capsule are specialized epithelial cells with pedicels that form the glomerular filtration slits; Principal cells of the collecting duct mediate sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion under the control of aldosterone; Intercalated cells of the distal tubule regulate systemic acid-base balance via proton and bicarbonate secretion.
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