A 68-year-old female presents with bilateral leg swelling, periorbital edema, and foamy urine. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein, and 24-hour urine collection reveals 6.8 g of protein. Serum albumin is 2.1 g/dL. What syndrome is present?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Nephrotic syndrome
- Step 1: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria (> 3.5 g/24 h), profound hypoalbuminemia (< 3.0 g/dL), peripheral edema, and hyperlipidemia.
- Step 2: Nephritic syndrome presents with hematuria, red cell casts, hypertension, and mild to moderate subnephrotic proteinuria.
- Step 3: Heavy proteinuria and massive hypoalbuminemia confirm nephrotic syndrome.
Answer
Nephrotic syndrome.
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