What ancient Bronze Age maritime civilization, centered on the islands of Bahrain, served as the trade nexus between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The Dilmun civilization (flourishing from the late 4th to 1st millennium BCE)
- Step 1: Cuneiform texts from Sumer and Babylon describe Dilmun as a holy land and prosperous commercial trade emporium.
- Step 2: Dilmun controlled maritime trade across the Arabian Gulf, linking Mesopotamian wool and oil with Indus Valley carnelian, lapis lazuli, and metals.
- Step 3: Bahrain Island was the metropolitan heart of Dilmun, home to Qal'at al-Bahrain and Barbar Temple.
Answer
The Dilmun civilization (flourishing from the late 4th to 1st millennium BCE).
Why not the others: Minoans were in Crete; Phoenicians in the Levant; Parthians in Persia.
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