Which prominent civic movement was formed in Slovakia on 19 November 1989 to spearhead the Velvet Revolution, counterpart to the Czech Civic Forum (Občanské fórum)?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Public Against Violence (VPN)
- Step 1: VPN was founded in the Umelecká beseda in Bratislava by artists, intellectuals, and dissidents including Milan Kňažko, Ján Budaj, and Fedor Gál, leading massive rallies that toppled totalitarian rule. Answer: Public Against Violence (VPN). Why not the others: Civic Forum operated in Prague and Bohemia, Solidarity was the Polish labor union movement, and Charter 77 was a human rights manifesto.
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