Which international environmental agreement protocol was adopted in 1987 to halt the production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and protect the ozone layer?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Montreal Protocol
- Step 1: Scientific consensus in the 1980s linked synthetic halogenated hydrocarbons (chlorofluorocarbons and halons) to catalytic depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
- Step 2: In response, the international community convened and adopted the landmark Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987.
- Step 3: The treaty established binding phase-out timetables for ozone-depleting substances, representing one of the most successful multilateral environmental accords in history.
Answer
Montreal Protocol.
Why not the others: Kyoto Protocol (1997) targets greenhouse gas emissions to combat anthropogenic global climate change; Cartagena Protocol (2000) governs biosafety and the transboundary movement of living modified organisms; Nagoya Protocol (2010) addresses access to genetic resources and the fair, equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization.
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