Which Ottoman Sultan ordered the comprehensive reconstruction of Jerusalem's defensive stone walls and ornate gates between 1537 and 1541, which still stand today?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Suleiman the Magnificent
- Step 1: Following the Ottoman conquest of the Levant in 1516–1517 by his father Selim I, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ordered the rebuilding of Jerusalem's dilapidated walls.
- Step 2: Between 1537 and 1541, Ottoman architects reconstructed the 4-kilometer perimeter wall and seven open gates, including the grand Damascus Gate and Jaffa Gate.
Answer
Suleiman the Magnificent.
Why not the others: Selim I conquered the Mamluk Empire but did not rebuild the walls; Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453; Abdulhamid II constructed the clock tower at Jaffa Gate in 1901.
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