Which distinctive 18th-century Arab ruler established an autonomous domain across the Galilee, made Acre his capital, and encouraged agricultural exports of cotton to Europe?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani
- Step 1: Zahir al-Umar, a local Bedouin-origin chieftain, created an autonomous principality in northern Palestine between the 1730s and 1775.
- Step 2: He monopolized and expanded the lucrative cotton export trade with French merchants, fortified Acre and Tiberias, and encouraged safe domestic trade conditions.
Answer
Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani.
Why not the others: Al-Jazzar succeeded Zahir after the latter's defeat by the Ottomans in 1775; Fakhreddin ruled Mount Lebanon in the 1600s; Sulayman Pasha succeeded Al-Jazzar in the early 19th century.
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